Educação para prevenção: o discurso de professoras de ciências do ensino fundamental ii em tempos de hiv/aids

Abstract

The vulnerability of adolescents and young population to HIV/ AIDS has become an evidence due to the epidemic growth observed in this group. In Brazil, that same population is responsible for 11.8% of cases accumulated from 1980 to December 2013 according to the Ministry of Health Department for STD, AIDS and Viral Hepatitis. However, conventional methods for prevention focused excessively on behavior aspects have shown certain limitation, forcing the inclusion of strategies for reducing vulnerability to become mandatory so new means and goals can pursue aiming a broader social response. Highlighting the amount of time that adolescents and young people spend inside schools as well as the opportunity of interchanges, social intercourse and love relationships, those institutions cannot omit to the relevance of this issue, as they constitute a privileged site for approaching prevention to HIV/ AIDS and have their professor as the mediator in the process. Given the facts exposed this research aims to analyze the actions and discourse of lecturers about preventing HIV/ AIDS, a subject area inserted in the context of discussions linked to sexuality. Throughout saturation process, it was possible to quantify an amount of four lecturers, three of them female and one male, selected by subsequent criteria: 1) must exercise their professional activities at schools in Joao Pessoa Municipality (PMJP); 2) must act lecturing 8th grade in Elementary school; 3) Must act lecturing Science . The survey profiles a descriptive type outlined by field study, whose analytical procedures come from a qualitative nature. Thus, based on semi-structured interviews as subsidy to identifying the existence of (in)coherences between praxis and educational discourse; verifying the presence of interdictions inside educational discourse that could hamper access to information; evaluating how the lecturer discusses and/or motivates the adoption of safe practices with regards to transmission of HIV/ AIDS. It was verified throughout narrated experiences that the group in subject bases their theories of sexuality and gender in biological and natural aspects, complicating a more flexible analysis and approach regarding cultural and social aspects. Nonetheless, it was possible to observe that this matter is only treated as superficial thematic in 8th grade inside school program content Human Reproduction , which restricts considerably a further effective and constructive work that could allow adolescents and young people more awareness specially regarding prevention to HIV/ AIDS. Consequently, there has been an understanding that the debate surrounding this thematic requires more ability and sensitivity from the professor than to discuss subjects from a Science book, also demanding a previous prepare in order to approach those matters inside the classroom. The necessity for higher qualification of those professionals given this scenario is imperative, as it will enable to forward the discussion about sexuality and pointing the issue of vulnerability to HIV virus propitiating to adolescents and young people conditions to develop their sense of responsibility over individual and collective health.